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Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)

Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)

FROM ANNAPOLIS:
PFAS are a large family of man-made chemicals which have been widely used in industrial and consumer products since the 1950s because of their unique water- and oil-repelling properties. They have been used in such products as carpeting, apparel, food packaging, and non-stick cookware to make them more stain-resistant, waterproof, and/or non-stick. Additionally, PFAS are key components in firefighting foam (specifically aqueous film forming foam or AFFF), which is used by fire departments across the country to fight fuel fires.

PFAS are very stable compounds, meaning they don’t break down easily and last a very long time in the environment. Once released to the environment, PFAS can move easily into and with groundwater. Exposure to PFAS in drinking water can occur if contaminated groundwater is used as a potable or drinking water source. Several PFAS are now of emerging health concern for the U.S. EPA and other environmental and public health agencies.

PFAS may be present in the soil and/or groundwater at Navy sites as a result of historical activities using firefighting foam, including responses to plane crashes, equipment testing, training, hangars where foam was used in the fire suppression system, and other operations such as plating shops where PFAS were used. The Department of Defense is currently studying fluorine-free firefighting foam alternatives to replace AFFF and prevent future PFAS release. In the interim, AFFF is no longer used in training on Navy installations and is limited to emergency response actions only.


FROM MEMPHIS:
PFAS, or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are a family of thousands of different chemicals that have been used since the 1950s in many household and industrial products because of their stain- and water- repellent properties. PFAS are now present virtually everywhere in the world because of the large amounts that have been manufactured and used. Once these compounds are released, many of them tend to stay in the environment for a very long time. The Navy and Department of Defense (DoD) have developed policies to address past releases of PFAS at installations nationwide.

The most common activity that could have resulted in the historical release of PFAS to the environment at Navy installations is the use of firefighting foam (specifically, aqueous film-forming foam, or AFFF) for testing, training, firefighting, and other life-saving emergency responses. Due to this historical use, PFAS are present in former Naval Air Station (NAS) Memphis groundwater and may also be present in nearby off-base drinking water wells located in the direction that groundwater flows away from former NAS Memphis. For more information, click here to view the former NAS Memphis PFAS Fact Sheet.

On April 26, 2024, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a final National Primary Drinking Water Regulation (NPDWR) establishing nationwide drinking water standards for certain PFAS under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). The regulation applies to public drinking water systems. Operators of public drinking water systems regulated by the NPDWR have five years to meet these standards.

         
In September 2024, DoD published “Prioritization of Department of Defense Cleanup Actions to Implement the Federal Drinking Water Standards for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Under the Defense Environmental Restoration Program” which describes DoD’s plans to incorporate the EPA’s drinking water regulation into DoD’s ongoing PFAS cleanups and prioritize actions to address private drinking water wells with the highest levels of PFAS from DoD activities.  Table 1 shows the DoD PFAS interim action levels in private drinking water wells.
 
  Table 1: DoD Interim Action Levels for PFAS in Private Drinking Water Wells    
   
         








For long-term remedial actions, DoD will work with EPA and state regulators on a site-specific basis to determine final cleanup levels, in accordance with the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and related EPA policies.  For the above DoD PFAS interim action levels in private drinking water wells, the Navy will work with property owners to provide an enduring solution, such as connection to a public water supply or a treatment system, as soon as possible.  If PFOA and PFOS are detected above 70 ppt in off-base private drinking water wells, the Navy will provide bottled water for drinking and cooking until an enduring solution is implemented.

FROM MEMPHIS:
In 2022, a Preliminary Assessment (PA) for PFAS was completed at former NAS Memphis. The PA identified a total ten potential PFAS release areas where further investigation was recommended. The PA Report was finalized in February 2022 and can be found here

In support of the PFAS Site Inspection (SI), sample collection and analysis of groundwater soil, sediment, and surface water were completed at these areas. During the SI, PFAS were detected in shallow groundwater at or above 3x the EPA's NPDWR levels in six of the investigated sites. These six sites were carried forward along with two sites previously identified in the PA for a total of 8 sites to be further investigated. The SI Report was finalized in June 2023 and can be found here.

As a result of the SI, the Navy established a sampling area 1-mile from the detections of PFAS at or above 3x the EPA's NPDWR levels in the direction that groundwater flows away from the base. Based on the direction of groundwater flow, the proposed sampling area includes properties within the City of Millington. The Navy will continue on-base PFAS investigations and evaluate if actions are needed on-base.

The Navy offers sampling to all property owners whose property is within the sampling area and whose drinking water is supplied by a private drinking water well. To determine if your property is within the sampling area, click the link here.
Pull out some info from the Background Tab and talk about the history of DW at Warminster.
Do we want to have a virtual open house section or just provide the old open house materials below?

Previous Open House Meetings

2016
May 23 & 24, 2016 Meeting Posters
May 23 & 24, 2015 Fact Sheet
May 20, 2016 Private Well Sampling Map

2015 
February 24 & 25 February 2015 Open House Handouts

2014
August 27, 2014 Open House Meeting Posters
Provide updated map showing expansion areas - as a placeholder until we can create a "find my property" GIS map hosted on a contractor website.

Sampling Area as of January 2026
PFAS LINKS

DoD PFAS website
https://www.acq.osd.mil/eie/eer/ecc/pfas/

EPA PFAS website
https://www.epa.gov/pfas

Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry (ATSDR)
https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/pfas/index.html
See if Navy has updated PFAS fact sheet with NDAA language and revise for WG.

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